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The load carrying capacity of spur gears may be calculated by ISO 6336 using influence factors. The face load factor considers the impact of the non-uniform load distribution over the face width. Even if the gears had perfect geometry, the load would not distribute uniformly along the contact lines. The face load factor depends on deformations of all parts of the containing gearbox and mainly of the teeth, gears and shafts as well as on manufacturing and assembly deviations.
Power density is a key factor in gear design. Increasing the power density enables engineers to use smaller gears for their applications which lead to smaller and lighter gear boxes. The benefit for example for the automotive industry is less moving load in the vehicles and therefor a reduction of fuel consumption and subsequently a reduction of CO2 emission. The limiting factor for the increase in power density of gears is the material strength in regard to the critical failure mode.